Suchergebnisse

AbstractIn 1945, the Austrian government constructed a new identity based on having been a "victim" of Nazi Germany. Thus, it had to hush up the fact that a majority of the population had welcomed the Anschluss, hundreds of thousands joined the NSDAP and served in the German Wehrmacht, and many were involved in the crimes of National Socialism. Only in the late 1980s, in the wake of the Waldheim Affair, did the years between 1938 and 1945 have to be re-interpreted. Ten years later, the exhibition "War of Annihilation: Crimes of the Wehrmacht 1941–1944" (short: Wehrmacht exhibition) questioned the myth of the "clean Wehrmacht." Using the examples of the Waldheim Affair and the Wehrmacht exhibition, the article analyzes the influence of grassroots movements stimulated by these events. Since some members of the second generation defended the Wehrmacht rather than embracing the grassroots movements' critique of earlier war myths, it will also problematize the category "generation." Due to the leading role played by prominent Austrian Jews in these grassroots movements, the generational gap within the Jewish community is of further interest. I emphasize that the grassroots movements needed the support of Austrian political parties and from abroad to achieve a modicum of success.

The article is based on Ghada Karmi's autobiography published in 2002 and deals with the problem of forced migration and the establishment of a new life and a new identity in London. Expelled with her family from Jerusalem in 1948, Ghada describes her desire and attempts to become integrated in British society. Confronted with racism directed at the new wave of immigrants in the 1960's, her newly-developed British identity was questioned from outside while her Palestinian identity was weakened and the Arab culture conveyed by her parents had no real meaning for her generation. The author argues that it was precisely this problem of living in a Zwischenwelt (intermediate world) that made Ghada's generation receptive to political ideologies imported from the Middle East, such as the Panarabism of Nasser or a secular Palestinian identity symbolised by Arafat. ; The article is based on Ghada Karmi's autobiography published in 2002 and deals with the problem of forced migration and the establishment of a new life and a new identity in London. Expelled with her family from Jerusalem in 1948, Ghada describes her desire and attempts to become integrated in British society. Confronted with racism directed at the new wave of immigrants in the 1960's, her newly-developed British identity was questioned from outside while her Palestinian identity was weakened and the Arab culture conveyed by her parents had no real meaning for her generation. The author argues that it was precisely this problem of living in a Zwischenwelt (intermediate world) that made Ghada's generation receptive to political ideologies imported from the Middle East, such as the Panarabism of Nasser or a secular Palestinian identity symbolised by Arafat.

Während in der Forschung weitgehend darüber Konsens besteht, dass antijüdische Ausschreitungen in Europa und ein zunehmend negatives Israelbild mit Eskalationen im Nahen Osten, Terrorismus und dem Krieg im Irak in Zusammenhang stehen, sind sich nicht alle Experten darüber einig, ob tatsächlich von einem neuen Antisemitismus gesprochen werden kann. Worin liegt die neue Qualität des gegenwärtigen Antisemitismus? Handelt es sich dabei um ein gesamteuropäisches Phänomen oder sind der nationale Kontext sowie ethnische und nationale Verbindungen der muslimischen Minderheiten ausschlaggebend für Motive und Ausprägungen? Gilt weiterhin der Holocaust als Gradmesser für die Wahrnehmung von Antisemitismus in den einzelnen davon unterschiedlich betroffenen Ländern oder kann bereits von einer "Europäisierung" des Holocaust und von "globalisierten Emotionen" gesprochen werden? Diese Fragen bilden den Hintergrund für die historisch vergleichenden Erörterungen der Autorin zum linken und islamischen Antisemitismus in Frankreich, Großbritannien, Deutschland und Österreich. (ICI2)